And this situation can be described by the Boltzmann formula by putting " T " to infinity.
2.
In short, the Boltzmann formula shows the relationship between entropy and the number of ways the atoms or molecules of a thermodynamic system can be arranged.
3.
However, the interstellar radiation field is typically much weaker than a medium in thermodynamic equilibrium; it is most often roughly that of an bound levels within an atom or molecule in the ISM are rarely populated according to the Boltzmann formula.
4.
There is a more clever thing, called population inversion and being the basis of the laser, where the upper state has higher probability as the lower, but in such a way, that the Boltzmann formula gives the correct ratio if one plugs in a negative " T ".
5.
The mathematical basis with respect to the association entropy has with order and disorder began, essentially, with the famous Boltzmann formula, S = k _ \ mathrm { B } \ ln W \ !, which relates entropy " S " to the number of possible states " W " in which a system can be found.
6.
The temperature can get arbritrarily high, only that after a while, the Maxwell-Boltzmann formula becomes wrong : Even for high energies, the Boltymann formula correctly tells us, what kinetic energy a particle has with which probability, but in order to see how fast it is, we must not use the usual E _ { kin } = 1 / 2 mv ^ 2 because this formula only holds for velocities " v " much smaller then " c ".
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